Journal: Cell Reports Medicine
Article Title: mRNA lipid-nanoparticle-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis augments adoptive T cell immunotherapy
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102706
Figure Lengend Snippet: mBH3@NPs preferentially induced mtApoptosis and immunogenic cell death in cancer cells (A) Flow cytometry analysis of cells positive for Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) in cancer and non-cancer cell lines after treatment with PBS (control), NPs, naked Puma mRNA, and mPuma@NPs for 12 h ( n = 3). (B) Western blot analysis of mitochondrial apoptois pathway in CT-26 cells treated with control, NPs, mPuma@NPs, and mBim@NPs. Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-x L , Mcl-1, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 (C-Cas3), caspase9, and cleaved caspase-9 (C-Cas9) proteins were detected. β-Actin was used as the loading control ( n = 3). (C) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of the 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine (JC-1) probe in CT-26 cells after treatment with PBS (control), NPs, mPuma@NPs, and mBim@NPs for 12 h. Increased JC-1 monomer signal (green) and decreased JC-1 aggregate signal (red) indicate a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential ( n = 3). Scale bars, 200 μm. (D) Flow cytometry analysis of cellular oxygen species (ROS) levels using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining in CT-26 cells after 12 h incubation with PBS (control), NPs, naked mRNA, mPuma@NPs, and mBim@NPs ( n = 3). (E) CLSM images of CRT expression in B16-F10 and CT-26 cells after 12 h incubation with PBS (control), NPs, mPuma@NPs, and mBim@NPs ( n = 3). Scale bars, 20 μm. (F) Extracellular ATP and HMGB1 expression levels were analyzed by ELISA in B16-F10 cells after 12-h incubation with PBS (control), NPs, mPuma@NPs, and mBim@NPs ( n = 3). (G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of immune stimulation in BMDCs co-cultured with B16-F10 cells pretreated with PBS (control), NPs, mPuma@NPs, and mBim@NPs for 12 h, followed by 48-h co-culture ( n = 3). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used for all statistical analyses. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; NS, not significant. See also .
Article Snippet: Cleaved-Caspase 9 (Asp353) Antibody , Abmart , Cat#TA5240S; RRID:AB_3740854.
Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Control, Western Blot, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Membrane, Staining, Incubation, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay